Among the vegetables that grow in almost every garden or summer cottage, tomatoes occupy one of the leading places. Growing them yourself is easy. It is only necessary to know the basic properties of the plant, the characteristics of care and learn to understand the varieties and types.
Novice gardeners are often frightened by unfamiliar terms, for example, the word "determinant". Therefore, before choosing a variety for cultivation, it is necessary to find out what this inscription indicates and what it means. Consider the features of such tomatoes in our article. We also recommend watching a useful video on the topic.
General information
The degree of growth and development of tomatoes have significant differences. You can divide them into two types:
- interdeterminant;
- determinant.
Important: The varieties that belong to the first type are not limited to the central top by a floral brush, so their growth does not stop. Such tomatoes are usually grown in greenhouses, they reach a height of two meters, and sometimes more, depending on the conditions, soil, and care.
Determinant varieties always cease to grow after the formation of an ovary at the end of the shoot with fruits. Growth of tomatoes of this type continues from the stepson, which is located in the leaf cusp under the upper brush. The first flower brush in such varieties appears after 6–7 true leaves and below, so it’s easy to distinguish them from interdeterminant ones at the seedling level. In an adult plant, the hands appear in less than 3 leaves.
These varieties have ripening together, do not require repeated garters, are adapted for cultivation in the open field, do not need constant pinching. Recommended for cultivation in various climatic zones, including in the northern regions.
Also among the determinant varieties are standard. Such tomatoes have a very compact bush, which has a strong trunk and practically does not need to be tied up and supported. Pastage does not require, thickening on the site does not create, but due to the fact that they take up little space, they allow to get a greater yield due to the frequency of planting.
They are grown everywhere on an industrial scale in the fields, since resistant to droughts, temperature extremes, cold. Fruits of standard tomatoes are well stored, they do not lose their presentation during transportation., formed on the bush in large quantities, ripen amicably. The root system is close to the surface, which allows the plant to better absorb nutrients and moisture.
Types and their differences
Determinant, semi-determinant and superdeterminant varieties of tomatoes: what is it and what is their peculiarity?
- Determinant. Floral brushes, after the appearance of 5-6 leaves, are formed every three leaves, such varieties are usually early or middle early ripening.
- Semi-determinant. After the formation of 10-12 floral brushes, which are laid every two true leaves, the plant stops growing, the very first brush will be laid through 8 leaves. Well are suitable for cultivation in greenhouses, have quite high growth, the term of ripening is average.
- Superderminant. Floral brushes are laid in 1-2 leaves, and after 5 of them are formed, a shoot begins to appear, which will stop the growth of the whole plant, these varieties are early ripening.
Advantages and disadvantages
Growing tomatoes of this type also have their pros and cons, which must be considered when choosing. Advantages of determinant varieties:
- early and very ripening of fruits, which allows not only to eat tomatoes faster, but also to start making preparations in the winter;
- The bushes of such tomatoes are more squat and neat, especially for standard ones;
- few need to be staved;
- practically do not require a garter, mainly only with the formation of a large number of fruits;
- recommended for cultivation in any climatic conditions, including in rather cold northern regions and Siberia;
- suitable not only for planting in the greenhouse, but also in open ground.
The disadvantages of these varieties:
- fruit size can vary greatly;
- total yield is not very high, at the completion of growth the plant can stop forming new ovaries;
- need a large number of dressings with mineral fertilizers;
- low resistance of plants to various infections due to the large number of ovaries.
Classification
There are a large number of such varieties of the determinant species, since given he is very popular with gardeners. They should be selected on the basis of the climatic conditions of the planting region, the state of the soil and other conditions for growth. You also need to carefully study the properties of the variety and the rules for its care.
Turbojet
This is a super determinant variety, early harvested. The bush grows up to 40 cm, does not need pasynkovanii. A lot of fruits, flat-round, weighing up to 80 g. Requires a garter during the ripening of the crop. Resistant to fungal and viral diseases. Use these tomatoes fresh, as well as for blanks. Differs poor keeping quality, for transportation and long-term storage in fresh form is not suitable.
Alpha
Early superdeterminant grade. Bush up to 50 cm tall, does not need to be staved. Suitable for cold areas, it grows both under film cover and in open ground. Fruit forms a lot, weighing up to 80 g, flat-round. Tomatoes are suitable for fresh consumption and processing.. Resistant to phytophthora and other similar diseases.
Valentine
Determinant early aging variety. The bush has a semi-sprawling, up to 70 cm in height, needs a garter and partial stading. Fruits are elongated, with thick skin, well suited for salting and fresh consumption, weigh up to 100 grams. Practically not subject to cracking, even with a lack of moisture. The variety is resistant to drought.
Watch the video about the features of Valentina tomatoes:
Explosion
Early ripe. Shrubs in tomatoes of this variety are sprawling, in need of moderate cracking, but do not require a garter. Up to 50 cm high. Fruits are round, slightly flattened, up to 120 g in weight. It tolerates cold, recommended for northern areas.. Resistant to drought and major diseases. The harvest is used fresh, for preservation. Does not lose its presentation during storage and transportation.
Watch the video about the features of tomato varieties "Explosion":
Openwork
Hybrid mid-early tomatoes. Shrub up to 90 cm tall, needs to be tied up after the appearance of a large number of fruits. Pasynkov forms a little. Fruit weight from 300 to 500 grams, flat-round in shape, not susceptible to cracking. It is resistant to weather variations: cold, drought, sudden changes in temperature. Not susceptible to disease. It needs good care, timely fertilization.
Bourgeois
Mid-season hybrid. The height of the bush is more than a meter, it requires a garter and a partial staving. Fruits weighing up to 200 grams, flat-round, resistant to cracking, very lezhki and transportable, retain their presentation for up to one and a half months. Heat resistant, tolerates a lack of light, temperature changes. Resistant to Verticillus, apical and equine rot. Not very suitable for fresh consumption due to not very pronounced taste..
Alaska
Early ripe variety. The shrub reaches 60 cm in height, requires tying and moderate pinching. Ploskookrugly fruits reach a mass of 100 grams, are suitable for salting and fresh consumption, are not suitable for transportation and long-term storage. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, cladosporia, fusarium wilt. Good for growing in cold climates.
Cameo
A variety of very early ripening. The bush is of medium branching, it reaches 50 cm in height, the stepchildren are weakly formed, it does not need tying. Fruits of round shape, weighing about 80 g, have good taste, are used both in fresh form, and for various preserves. This variety perfectly tolerates temperature drops and cold, ovaries are formed even under adverse conditions.. Resistant to late blight, tobacco mosaic virus, Septoria.
Other
Quite popular among them:
- Ultra early: Grotto, Alenka, Altaechka, The Important Person, Pink Leader, Pink Bush.
- Early maturation: Yamal, Oak, Honey Cream, Aurora, Eternal Call, Sanka Golden.
- Mid-season: Adeline, Aisan, Watercolor, Akulina, Nobleman, Yaks.
Due to the fact that determinant varieties grow quite well in the open field, are not very fastidious and have a number of other advantages, they are in great demand among vegetable growers. Even a novice gardener is able to get the desired harvest. It is only necessary to take into account the distinctive features of the variety, the climatic conditions of the place of planting, the state of the soil, and to carry out agricultural work properly.
