Agricultural business in modern conditions is developing rapidly. For quick and easy harvesting, various technical means, mechanical units and machines are used. Harvesting grain and fodder crops is now impossible to imagine without the use of grain aggregates. In our article, we will look at what the roll header does, what kinds of them and popular models are.
Description and Purpose
Let's see what a reaper wave. A harvester is a grain harvester designed to harvest crops, as well as to lay the crop in a swath or to transport it to the threshing machine of a combine. 
Combine harvesters such as Don-1500 and Niva SK-5 are most often used for harvesting grain crops.
These units are used for harvesting grain crops, for varieties of cereals. There are also special headers for harvesting sunflower and corn. All of them are slightly different in design. 
Did you know? Agriculture originated in the X millennium BC. The first agricultural revolution happened when nomadic tribes began farming. And only three thousand years later, the first field irrigation system emerged.
Due to its design, the header is wave:
- produces a roll of good quality;
- has great productivity;
- reduces costs associated with separate harvesting;
- does not require expensive and complex care;
- used with different modern combines;
- quickly and effectively harvests with minimal losses.
Design features and principle of operation
The harvester may be auger, and may be platform. Depending on this, the principle of operation is slightly different. 
Platform header is used only to mow the plants. The auger header can be used in two versions:
- direct combining;
- separate harvesting.
The device consists of the following parts:
- cutting apparatus;
- reel;
- belt conveyors;
- unloading window;
- inclined body;
- unit housing;
- drive mechanism;
- balancing mechanism.
The principle of operation of the apparatus is as follows: the reel brings the stalks of crops to the cutting apparatus, and also keeps the stalks in the process of cutting. Further the cutting apparatus of the reaper cuts the stems of the plant like scissors. Then the bevelled mass moves inside the platform. The conveyor moves the bevelled plants to the unloading window. There, the stems are laid in rolls and unloaded on the stubble.
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Kinds
There are several classifications of types of roller headers, depending on their location, functionality and purpose. The location of the device are trailed, mounted and self propelled. They are attached to the combine, tractor or self-propelled chassis. Depending on the cutting unit, the headers are frontal and side. Also, different devices are designed for harvesting different crops, there are both universal types and specialized ones. 
Depending on the roll formation, they are divided into single-flow, double-flow and three-flow.
The first make laying rolls outside the width of the grip. Double-flow in the outflow window, which is located at the end of the platform, form a swath. Thus, one stream of the mowed crop is formed by the conveyor of the device, the second, in turn, is laid through the discharge window of the unit behind the cutting unit.
The last subspecies of these devices forms a swath in the central window, on either side of which the conveyors are located, creating two oncoming flows, while the last flow is formed in the outflow window.
Did you know? The very first patent for a complex combined sweeper, at the same time cutting off the bread that threshes it and cleans the grain from the husk, said S. Lane in 1828 in the United States. But the author could not build this car. The combine was first built by inventors E. Briggs and E. J. Carpenter eight years later in 1836.
Hinged
Harvesters mounted type are made in the form of nozzles to the self-propelled chassis of a combine or tractor.
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This type of apparatus is assembled on a frame-type platform, which relies on copying shoes, which ensure a constant position of the unit above the soil level.
Next, we consider the device of this type of units. Mounted harvesters consist of the following parts:
Executive body. It is this part when the oncoming movement of the knife elements, which consist of cast iron or high-strength steel, cuts off the stems of plants. This component is assembled from a finger beam, a segment-like type of knives, clamps, and a drive mechanism, which is created according to a crank-connecting rod pattern. The stems of plants fall on the knives through the guiding devices, which streamline the green mass.
Reel - this is a special device that ensures the bending down of the plant stems to the executive body that cuts them. Fallen crops are treated with a rake reeling device, while upright plants are assembled with a paddle reel. The elements of the unit spring, entering the stem mass, and thus raise the plants for cutting. To lift tangled stems of leguminous and cereal crops, topping drums are used.
Transport devices with belt-belt or plain belt type move the beveled plants to the ejection window. If direct type combining is used, the stems go directly to the threshing device.
Control mechanism. The cutting height of the stems and the installation height of the reel is regulated by means of external hydraulic cylinders within 10-35 cm. The rotation of the drive of the executive bodies and conveyors comes from the PTO of the self-propelled chassis.
Trailed
This type of device, as opposed to mounted, towed on the hitch behind the tractor. The design of trailed and mounted devices is very similar, however, for trailed headers the linkage unit is replaced by a spherical-hinged trailer mechanism, and the copy shoes are replaced with wheels.
In addition, the trailed units are towed to the side of the tractor, which allows for more flexible harvesting, since the combine requires more space for movement and flat terrain. 
Self propelled
This type of header is equipped with a power unit and a moving mechanism. This unit is a separate agricultural machine, which is equipped with a built-in header. Such a mechanism is usually intended to harvest a small crop. When the use of a full-fledged combine is not justified due to the high cost of servicing the combine and fuel consumption, self-propelled reapers are used, which will allow harvesting on small fields, while saving on the equipment used. 
Popular models (description and characteristics)
Next we look at the most popular types of harvesters for the combine, their characteristics and the main differences.
ЖВП-4.9
This type of harvesting device refers to a trailed type. It is intended for mowing of cereal, grain, and also cereal crops. In addition, this unit puts the bevelled mass in a single counter-continuous roll. It is recommended to operate the GVP-4.9 in any climatic zones in which different types of cleaning are used. Reapers of this type are very easy to operate and reliable. 
This type is equipped with working elements of scissor type, which form a working front of 4.9 meters. This agricultural equipment weighs 1.545 tons and puts (cleans) grain and grass crops up to 2.8 hectares, has a speed of movement of 10 km / h.
ЖВП-6.4
Grain harvesting system ZHVP-6.4 is high-speed and mows grain, cereals and cereals, and then puts them also in a single counter-flow roller. Apply this device on high-performance combines. Such a device can be used in all climatic zones. ZhVP-6.4 reduces the cost of separate cleaning, and also allows you to even release the combine from working with roller headers and optimally allows you to load vehicles.
The width of the device is 6.4 meters and allows you to achieve productivity up to 5.4 ha / h. Such a device weighs 2050 kg. 
ZhVP with the rod drive MKSH
Such headers are different from the rest by a connecting rod drive MKSH (also known as "Schumacher"), on which the knife segments are present with the cutting edge bevel either up or down. Such an arrangement is good in that it contributes to a better retention of the harvested stems during cutting, and also prevents the stems from tightening between cutting pairs.
Important! Cutting force with such a header is significantly reduced, adjustment of the cutting edges greatly simplifies the adjustment of the cutting unit.
ЖВП-4.9 А
The subspecies of the harvester trailed ZhVP-4.9 was created in order to mow grains and cereals and lay them in a counter-flow single roll. This apparatus is used in the case of a separate method of harvesting, on MTZ tractors, "John Deere" and other brands. ZhVP-4.9 A provides: excellent quality of cleaning at optimum power; greater productivity of mowing and selection; convenience in operation. 
The use of this particular agricultural device will significantly reduce the time and labor costs for separate cleaning. It is installed:
- finger cutting machine;
- very reliable drive (provides greater speed of cleaning);
- retractable drawbar, and also changed the location of the support, which greatly simplifies the transfer of the header to the transport position and back;
- modified transmission shaft, which greatly simplifies the repair.
ЖВП-9.1
The apparatus of this type is used, as a rule, in the steppe areas with a small or medium yield. ЖВП-9.1 is a wide-cut header, it also has increased throughput. It is very similar in construction to the model ВVP-6.4, but it also has some distinctive features, with the help of which the harvesting of a low-growing crop is much easier. With the help of ЖВП-9.1 harvest of grain and cereal crops with the laying of the stems in a dense roll.
Important! The use of ZHVP-9.1 optimizes the work of the transport department, will facilitate the work of machine operators, reduce losses during harvest. The cutting height of this header is 8-20 centimeters, the width of the grip is 9.1 meters. Thanks to the mechanism of the pumping washer, the device's performance is 8 hectares per hour, and the working speed is 9 km / h.
Nowadays, there are many brands of agricultural machinery that produce a large number of types of harvesters. After reading this article and learning that such a device as a roll header, has many varieties for different tasks, you will undoubtedly make the harvesting process more efficient.
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