The gardener tries to improve any free space on the plot. Planting pears is a responsible and serious matter, but the positive effects of such an idea are much more negative. When choosing a variety, gardeners pay attention to the yield, fruit characteristics and winter hardiness of the tree. In this article we will talk about the pear variety, which most satisfies all the above parameters.
Selection
The pear variety "Permyachka" was created in Yekaterinburg at the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Plant Selection Station. The selection involved Professor Leonid Andrianovich Kotov. Pear "Permyachka" was derived specifically for the gardens of the Perm, Sverdlovsk, Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The variety was obtained by crossing the varieties "Theme" × "Elena" + "Cosmic".
Description and distinctive features of the variety
According to the botanical description, pear variety "Permyachka" has high frost resistance. Breeding was aimed at the conclusion of the variety for planting in the central and northern part of Russia. Professor Kotov claims that “Permyachka” with proper care will be able to bear fruit even in Siberia.
Learn more about the agrotechnical cultivation of pear varieties Otradnenskaya, Lada, Fairy Tale, Veles, Rogneda, Nika, Talgar Beauty, Duchesha, Petrovskaya, Severyanka, Avgustovskaya dew, Kokin, Bryansk Beauty, Thumbelina, Hera, Klapp's Favorite, Marble, Tenderness.
Wood
A tree of this type of pear is characterized by fast growth rates, and if it does not produce timely pruning, it can reach rather large sizes (both the length and width of the crown). The crown is wide-pyramidal or in the shape of an elongated oval. In the years of active fruiting shoots can not withstand the pile of fruits and break under their weight. The trunk of the tree is powerful and durable, almost never damaged by pests.
Did you know? Healers in ancient Greece used pears to treat nausea and motion sickness.
This tree requires a pollinating partner. The best of those will be a variety of pears "Severyanka". With proper care of the plant in central Russia, you can collect up to 80 kg of fruit per season.
Fruits
Fruits of the "Permyachka" variety have rather large sizes (from 80 to 150 g). When grown for industrial purposes, if you follow the proper technique of care, the fruits reach a weight of 200 g or more. Pears are bell-shaped with a ribbed surface.
The color of unripe fruit is bright green, ripe - sunny yellow. As some gardeners say, a pleasant blush on pears can only be seen during periods of long sunny summer with air temperatures around +30 ° C, which is quite rare in the central region of Russia.
The pulp of the fruit of this pear variety is very tender and sweet, sourness is completely absent. Fruits in a section of white color, without stony cells, fine-grained consistency. Many tasters would rate this type of pears by 5 points out of 5. 
Harvesting takes place in mid-August - early September. If the fruits are removed from the tree in an unripe version, then they will “reach” in 3-4 days (they must be laid out in a row in the sun).
How to choose the seedlings
First of all, I would like to note that you only need to buy seedlings from trusted sellers. It is best to visit a large horticultural center or some recommended nursery. Buying planting material on the market, you risk buying wildfire or even a different pear variety (and if your knowledge of gardening is bad, then sly speculators can even sell you another plant instead of pears).
When choosing a seedling, it is necessary to give preference to an annual plant, since a two-year-old has a sufficiently strong and extensive root system, and it will be more difficult to settle down on such a seedling. Also pay special attention to the vaccination site. It should be at the level of 5-15 cm from the basal neck. A properly grafted tree has a slightly curved stem, because the stock is cut off and the graft becomes slightly at an angle.
Important! Before planting, seedlings are best kept in a prikope.
When inspecting the seedling, peel off the bark with your fingernail. If it has a light green color, then the planting material is healthy and fit for planting. In addition, look at the root system of a young plant: it must be free from mechanical damage and rot. And finally, it should be noted that seedlings are bought with a bare trunk and shoots - that is, without leaves. The fact is that the leaves are able to evaporate moisture, as a result the plant can dry out. 
Choosing a place on the site
For planting pears "Permyachka" you need to choose a sunny place. Southeastern or eastern part of the site is best suited. Special attention should be paid to the groundwater level: it should be no closer than 3 m to the surface. Dense clay soils are not suitable for planting planting material, and if this type of soil prevails on your site, then it should be changed by layer-by-layer removal.
It should also be noted that pear varieties "Permyachka" better not to plant next to the mountain ash. The fact that these plants are affected by the same pests and diseases, so do not need to simplify their task. The plant reacts normally to soil acidity (choose soils with an average pH level). 
Preparatory work before landing
The landing pit should start cooking in the fall (if spring planting is implied). The soil tends to subside, and if you dig a hole on the day of planting, the seedling will go deep into the ground along with the radical neck, and this is quite detrimental for the young plant. If in the fall you forgot to dig a hole, then do it in the spring, but not later than a week before the beginning of the planting.
The depth of the pit will depend on the volume of the root system of the seedling (on average, you need to dig to a depth of 50-70 cm). Sometimes it is better to increase the depth, since several tens of pounds of fertile soil is poured onto the bottom.
As a fertile soil, you can use a mixture of river sand, humus, peat and garden soil.
Potassium sulfate and superphosphate should also be added to the soil. Nitrogen fertilization is undesirable.
If the groundwater level is too close to the soil surface, the seedling should be provided with a drainage system. As a building material suitable broken brick, rubble, etc. Also, before planting, do not forget to make notches in the entire volume of the fossa. The notches will improve the air exchange of the root system, as a result, the plant will grow and develop faster.
Did you know? Pears were brought to Europe from South Asia about 3000 thousand years ago. Before that, they were actively cultivated in China, where they were considered divine gifts.
If the planting pit is prepared, then you need to start preparing the seedling. This procedure is quite simple: prepare a mixture of peat, humus, garden soil, superphosphate and wood ash, add a little water (until the formation of a mucous mass) and dip the roots of the seedling in the resulting solution. Such a procedure will accelerate the development of the root system and protect the young seedling from many pests and diseases. 
Step-by-step process of planting seedlings
Technically correct process of planting pear seedlings involves the following step-by-step operations:
- Planting material should be inserted into the pit so that the radical neck is exactly at the level of the boundary between the soil and air.
- Next, the seedling is covered with earth at about 1/2 of the depth of the pit, the soil is a little rammed.
- Now complex fertilizers diluted in water are applied, and then the pit is sprinkled to the end.
- Near the basal neck you need to leave a small depression that is intended for watering. Immediately after this, the seedling is tied to a wooden stake (this contributes to the normal vertical growth of the tree).
- Next, the seedling is watered with 20 liters of water, then the soil around the trunk is mulched. As mulch you can use sawdust, straw, pine needles, peat, etc.
Seasonal care features
Competent care for pear tree varieties "Permyachka" will allow you to annually collect a large number of crops, the fruits of which are endowed with high taste.
Soil care
Immediately it is important to note that the mulching of the soil around the plant should be done only immediately after planting. In the future, such a procedure is not necessary and is carried out only in regions with strong winter frosts.
However, regular watering remains an important step in caring for a young plant. In the hot season, the tree must be watered every 7-10 days. Under the plant pour 20-30 liters of warm water. In the autumn and spring, the number of waterings should be reduced, otherwise the risk of fungal diseases will increase dramatically. 
A few hours after heavy irrigation that needs to be done in the evening or in the morning, the soil around the tree must be gouged. This procedure will contribute to better air exchange in the soil. In the process of loosening, you can simultaneously engage in weeding, if required by the soil. Weeds around the plants must be removed regularly, as they take away from the soil a lot of nutrients that the tree needs.
Top dressing
Before you start feeding your pears, you need to familiarize yourself with the concept of "food area". The nutritional area is conditional circle-shaped territory, which uniformly bounds the stem of the plant; a given area must be treated with one or another fertilizer in a particular period of plant life. 
For example, a young plant (up to 4 years old) has a food area of 5 m². This means that a circle (the center of which is the trunk) with a radius of 125 cm (you can recalculate according to the traditional formula for the area of a circle) must be treated with liquid fertilizers. That is, an aqueous solution of certain fertilizers is made and is evenly distributed over the entire area of the circle. It should be noted that the area of plant nutrition from 4 to 8 years varies in the region of 9-12 m² (the radius of the circle is 170-195 cm). Trees older than 8 years have a food area of up to 20 m² and more.
Important! An excess of nitrogenous trace elements in the soil will lead to a deterioration in the overall level of fruiting.Technically correct fertilizing pears "Permyachka" should be systematic:
- In the spring, when the night frosts are completely gone, the soil around the tree should be loosened. Immediately after this, organic fertilizers should be applied: manure, peat, compost, humus, etc.
- In summer and autumn, the tree should be fed with a potassium / phosphorus / nitrogen complex in proportions of 4: 1: 3. Such mineral complexes can be purchased at any garden supermarket. Often mineral dressings are diluted with water and evenly applied to the entire area of nutrition of the pear tree.
- For better fruiting and during the period of the fruit ovary, the tree can be fed with organic matter. Feeding is also carried out on the entire area of nutrition. The best organic matter in this case will be the mullein or slurry. Each of these components must be dissolved in water at the rate of 1: 5 (for 1 part of organic matter 5 parts of water).
- After the end of flowering, it is unacceptable to feed nitrogen fertilizers, but potash and phosphate fertilizers are necessary (for better fruiting).
Remember that fertilizing must be systematic and accurate in terms of dosages. Overabundance in the soil of certain macro / microelements can lead to tree diseases and a decrease in the overall level of fruiting.Pruning
Pear varieties "Permyachka" very well responds to spring pruning and rejuvenation. But it is not necessary to shorten shoots and longline branches, as active growth in an unnecessary direction can accelerate several times. Often, only those shoots are removed that are directed to the center of the crown or interfere with the growth of longline branches.
In the process of thinning, the tiering branches of the first and second order are shortened by 1/5 of the length. On the trunk only those shoots are removed that interfere with the formation of the longline form of the crown. 
Trees that are older than 6-7 years old are pruned every 1-2 years. Rather, it will be a rejuvenating pruning. In its process it is necessary to remove all dry and damaged branches, as well as those shoots that hinder the growth of young fruitful twigs. After cutting the wound, it is necessary to cover it with clay so that the pathogens do not hit the tree.
Protection against cold and rodents
In order to scare away rodent pears from seedlings in winter, it is necessary to take necessary measures in a timely manner. One of the methods of protection is enveloping the trunk of the plant to the branches of the first tier with brushwood, plaster rubbing, etc. In addition, today there are many chemical agents that are capable of scaring rodents. You can buy such tools in almost any large garden center. 
Starting to prepare the tree for the winter should be from October. First all the mummified fruits are removed, then the fallen leaves are collected and everything is burned. After this, it is necessary to conduct water recharge irrigation (especially if the summer was dry and rainless). Water recharge irrigation means watering the tree at the root with plenty of water (from 500 to 1000 liters).
Immediately after abundant water supply, the soil should be mulched with peat, sawdust, humus, straw, etc. A layer of mulch will protect the root system of the tree during the period of strong winter frosts.
Did you know? Before the appearance of tobacco in Europe, pear leaves were smoked.
In addition, the trunk and lower skeletal branches must be wrapped with a non-woven material over which to put a lapnik. Now the tree is protected from low winter temperatures, but if a large amount of snow falls in winter, a large snow "hat" will need to be arranged around the plant. 
Pear "Permyachka" has a high frost resistance, so she is a favorite of many gardeners in the central part of Russia. Moreover, its fruits are very tasty and juicy, as well as universal in culinary use. Observing all the rules for tree care, you can annually receive a large amount of high quality crop.
