Extraordinarily tasty, fragrant and healthy mango In the winter season is available in any supermarket. If you are a fan of this exotic fruit and often indulge yourself with tender fruits, do not rush to get rid of the bones, because you can plant them and grow an exotic tree at home! How to do it competently, we will discuss further.
Botanical description
Mango - This is a typical tropical plant, belongs to the Sumakhov family. It grows in countries with a warm and humid climate: in the forests of India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Sri Lanka - these are natural regions of tree growth. But over time, it spread throughout the globe - from Australia to Central America. For India and Pakistan, mango is a national symbol. 
Under natural conditions, the tree can reach 30 meters. Lives up to 300 years, while continuing to bloom and bear fruit throughout the entire period. The mango tree has a beautiful, dense, spreading crown (up to 40 meters wide), which gives it a very attractive look.
That is why the plant is often used to create decorative garden compositions. The root system is powerful, goes down to 6 meters, so the tree can get moisture from a very great depth. For leaves, the typical color palette is from copper to dark green. The inner side of the leaves is painted in a light tone.
It is interesting that by the color of the mango leaves one can judge the age of the tree - the young plant has a foliage colored in different shades of yellow, pink and red. In the process of growth the color of the leaves changes to dark green.
Did you know? The world leader in the cultivation and export of these tropical fruits is India. In the country for the cultivation of mango allocated more than 70% of the total area intended for the cultivation of fruit crops. During the year, the mango harvest in the country reaches almost 10 million tons, which is 65% of the total fruit harvest in the world.
In the flowering season, which falls on the winter months, the tree is covered with hundreds of thousands of yellow and red flowers. For the appearance of flowers tree must reach 10 years of age. It is interesting that different branches bloom in a year, that is, if this year some branches were blooming, next year they will have a rest period, and there will be flowers on the neighboring branches. In dry weather, there will be more flowers, but if the amount of precipitation is large, the mango bloom will decrease.
The fruits have a dense, smooth skin, the color varies from pink-red to dark green. They have a sweet taste, juicy texture, bright yellow-orange color. 
Particularly large specimens can reach 2.5 kg in weight and 22 cm in length. The form is asymmetrical and can be very different: oblong, ovoid, similar to a human kidney, flattened. Inside the fruit is a light, elastic bone, from which you can grow mangoes at home.
Chemical composition
In addition to the amazing sweet taste, the mango has an impressive vitamin and mineral composition:
Nutrient - amount
Vitamins
- C (ascorbic acid) - 27 mg
- B4 (choline) - 7.6 mg
- E (tocopherol) - 1.1 mg
- PP (nicotinic acid) - 0.58 mg
- Beta-carotene - 0.45 mg
- B5 (pantothenic acid) - 0.16 mg
- B6 (pyridoxine) - 0.13 mg
Micro and macro elements
- Potassium (K) - 156 mg
- Copper (Cu) - 110 mg
- Phosphorus (P) - 11 mg
- Calcium (Ca) - 10 mg
- Magnesium (Mg) - 9 mg
- Sodium (Na) - 2 mg
Other elements- Dietary fiber - 1.8 g
- Lipids - 0.4 g
- Ash - 0.5 g
- Sahara - 15 g
In small amounts in the fruit contains folic acid, vitamins A and K, as well as minerals: selenium, manganese, zinc and iron.
Did you know? In India, there is an ancient tradition associated with mango. When building a new building, the fruit is put into the foundation of the building in order to provide wealth, prosperity and protection for all future tenants.
Energy value and calorie
Fruits contain relatively few calories, which makes mango an extremely valuable product for weight loss. In its structure carbohydrates, a minimum of fats and proteins prevail. Due to this, mango is a very nutritious product, perfectly nourishes, quenches hunger and energizes.
- Calorie content (100 g) - 65 kcal
- Squirrels - 0.5 g
- Fat - 0.27 g
- Carbohydrates - 15 g
- Water - 82 g
Beneficial features
Thanks to a well of vitamin-mineral substances, mango fruits can have a positive effect on the nervous system:
- help with stress and depression;
- improve memory;
- normalize sleep.
Mango is not the only exotic in our area. Learn more about the beneficial properties of such fruits as: lychee, longan, kumquat, actinidia, loquat, jujube, physalis, citron and okra.
Mango use has the following effects:
- has a mild laxative effect;
- causes diuretic action;
- strengthens blood vessels and heart;
- stops hemorrhages;
- strengthens eyesight;
- helps with infections (cholera, plague);
- strengthens the immune system;
- provides anti-cancer effect.
Fruit pulp is also good for the skin, as it helps to cleanse and eliminate comedones, smoothes wrinkles and nourishes. Mango is often recommended to use with diets.
Cooking Application
At home, mango, in India, this fruit belongs to the key ingredients in cooking. In our area mango is not so common, but in vain! 
The use of mango in cooking is very diverse: the fruits are added to desserts and main dishes, drinks, eaten fresh and thermally processed. Interestingly, both ripe and green fruits are suitable for food.
How can mango be used for cooking:
- add to sauces and gravies, for example, curry;
- add to meat and fish dishes while stewing, frying and baking;
- serve with ice cream or create mango-based desserts;
- use juice for fresh juices, cocktails;
- add to salads.
Mango can be a spectacular table decoration. Before serving, the fruit should be slightly cooled and cleaned, protecting the hands with gloves from the peel juice - it can cause irritation. Next, the fruit is cut into plates, slices or slices. You can also cut the fruit into two halves and choose dessert spoon.
Important! Despite the amazing taste, mango fruits are hard to digest, so do not abuse them: just eat one small fruit or half a large fruit a day. Overeating can cause constipation, diarrhea and a strong allergic reaction.
Growing up
If you intend to replenish your home collection of plants with an exotic specimen, remember that at home the mango tree will be much more miniature, less fruitful, and the taste of the fruit itself may be unpredictable and different from the fruit from the supermarket. However, it’s still worth a try, because you need to put a little effort.
Bone preparation
First you need to choose the most suitable fruit: it is better if it is slightly overripe, in such a fruit the bone will be as ready as possible for growing. Remember that the more ripe the fruit, the greater the chance of getting a seedling from the stone. Planting mangoes is desirable at the end of the season of these fruits, that is, in spring. 
It is important that it is not frozen, without rot, spots and other marks of corruption.
The fruit must be cut, carefully remove the bone - most likely, the shell will already have natural cracks. It is necessary to break the shell along the cracks and carefully remove the seed in a thin film.
If the bone does not have cracks, you can break it with scissors or a knife, trying not to touch the seed.
The next step will be soaking, which can be done in two ways:
- The seed must be completely immersed in warm water, it should be changed every other day. After about a week, you will notice a small process. After two weeks, it will increase and get stronger, then the seed can be transplanted into the ground.
- Instead of immersion, the seed can be wrapped with a layer of cotton wool dipped in a solution of potassium permanganate on the first day, then the cotton must be moistened daily with water. A plastic bag is put on top of the wool. With this method, seed can be planted into the ground after 7 days.
Learn how to grow: loquat, grapes, plum, apricot, date palm, longan, papaya and olive tree from the seed, so as to get a good harvest in the future.
Soil and fertilizer
For planting mango tree fit any universal mixture for indoor plants. It can be combined with sand or vermiculite. You can also choose a light soil for succulents. One of the main conditions for the successful cultivation of mango at home is good drainage.
A young plant does not require fertilizing and fertilizer until it has a third pair of leaves. Further, as a fertilizer, you can use nitrogen-containing mixtures and biohumus (for potted plants) or organic supplements (for plants in open ground). Fertilizer optimal to make a couple of times a year.
In the period of flowering and fruiting, fertilizing the tree can be increased, while nitrogen must be present in the mixtures.
Landing rules
Choose a suitable pot for the tree - keep in mind that the plant forms a branched, deep and strong root system that needs enough space. The pot can be made of plastic or clay, but always with a sufficient number of holes for drainage.
At the bottom of the pot is laid drainage of expanded clay, small stones, foam or broken clay products. Next, the ground is filled up. 
In the center of the pot make the hole the size of the seed, put a third of the core of the core of the bone. Send the spine down, and the fourth part is left on the surface. Seed need to sprinkle with earth and water. Immediately after planting, you can use the Epin tool, which will ensure good root development.
Watering and moisture
In mode of irrigation moderation is important: the ground should not dry out, but too much moisture should not be allowed. For irrigation, you must use soft filtered water at room temperature. Air humidification plays an equally important role: it is necessary to prevent dry air in the room. In summer, the tree should be moistened several times a day with a spray bottle.
To maintain the necessary moisture, a young plant can be covered with a cut bottle, in which from time to time you need to remove the cover for "airing".
You will be interested to read about how to make drip irrigation of improvised means or plastic bottles with your own hands, as well as learn about the benefits of automatic watering.
Temperature and lighting
It is advisable to put the pot in the most lighted place in the apartment, under the sun rays or in partial shade. In winter, when there is not enough natural light, additional lighting should be provided with fluorescent lamps. Regarding the temperature: mango trees do not like temperature changes. It is desirable to keep it at the same "tropical" level day and night - + 25 ... +30 ° С.
Pruning
Pruning and crown formation is carried out between periods of active growth of the tree, which may be several per year. Pruning is needed only at the initial stage of growing the tree to form the crown of the desired shape. In the future, this procedure is almost never performed and only eliminates dry and weak branches.
Under natural conditions, pruning is carried out after harvest. If too many branches are removed, the next season's fruiting may drop significantly or even stop for several years. 
At home it is necessary to form the crown in this way: up to 5 main branches on the crown are saved, the rest are removed. Cut places need to be treated with a garden pitch. It is necessary to start pruning no earlier than after the barrel reaches 1-1.5 m in height, it should be carried out a maximum of 2 times a year.
Important! The trimming procedure must be carried out in protective gloves, since the juice in the mango tree trunk is a strong irritant to human skin.
Inoculation of fruitful buds
Under flat conditions, the mango tree blooms and bears fruit only rarely. The fact is that even in ideal natural conditions, the overwhelming majority of flowers (about 90%) are male. Among the remaining 10%, pollination by bees and flies occurs randomly.
Therefore, even in the natural environment, the chances of pollination are not that great. At home, they are almost zero. Therefore, when growing a mango tree, it is better to tune in to the fact that you will get a spectacular, green tropical plant, rather than rich mango harvests, if you do not carry out the grafting procedure.
It is necessary to plant a kidney from a fruit tree, that is, what grows in nature. Using a sharp knife, the kidney with part of the bark should be cut, and on the bark of your tree in the inoculation place, make an incision in the shape of a letter T. Next, carefully insert the kidney and wrap it with a cloth or tape. Fruiting after the procedure is possible after 1-2 years. Grafting should be done when the tree trunk is large enough and strong enough to hold the fruit.
Parasites and Diseases
Mango is exposed to most of the ailments typical of all houseplants. In addition, the cold, the temperature drop, the lack of lighting and moisture have a negative effect on the health and beauty of the tree.
The most common diseases of mango and measures to combat them:
- Shchitovka. For the purpose of prophylaxis, the room should be aired, and the leaves should be regularly inspected. Among the most effective chemicals are Actellic, Phosbecid, Aktara. You can also use a soap solution to wipe the leaves: in 1 liter of water diluted with a tablespoon of liquid soap and alcohol. Pre-check the mango leaves for alcohol sensitivity.
- Aphid. To compete with this tenacious pest, it is necessary to alternate preparations for processing plants: "Karbofos", "Akarin", "Fitoverm", "Aktara", "Iskra".
- White fly. A warm and humid microclimate for mango is also ideal for breeding whitefly colonies. To prevent the occurrence of a pest, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation of the room during the warm season, not to over-humidify the air. You can fight the pest with the help of special glue traps, fumigators, soap solution or drugs: Konfidor, Aktellik, Akarin.
- Mealy dew. First of all, you should pay attention to the care - fungal disease often occurs with a large excess of moisture. Topsoil should be replaced, stop moistening with a spray bottle, water the tree only after the topsoil has dried. Of the chemical drugs can be used "Fundazol", "Vitaros", "Previkur". These preparations plentifully spray a tree.
- Anthracnose. It develops with high humidity, high soil Ph, potassium and phosphorus deficiency. If the plant is completely affected, it will be very difficult to save. In order to avoid contamination of other indoor plants, the diseased tree will have to be removed. If some parts of the plant are affected, they need to be cut off, then with an interval of a couple of weeks to make treatment with copper sulphate, "Fundazol", "Previkur".
Fruit storage conditions
If you are a big fan of mangoes, it is important to know how to preserve the fruits in order to be able to feast on them longer.
- If the fruits are not mature enough, they should be left to ripen in a lit place. Pre-wrap paper. To determine the maturity of the fruit can be by the presence of an appetizing smell, sweet taste, soft texture.
- Fully ripened fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 5 days, in a wide container, where the fruits can “breathe”. The use of plastic bags is not allowed.
- To save the mango for several months, it is necessary to resort to freezing. The fruit must be cleaned, remove the stone, cut into small slices.
Growing a mango tree at home is certainly an exciting experience. The plant looks spectacular, does not require complex care, refreshes and adorns the space. Growing mango will surely be an amazing and interesting experience for you!
